Analysis of effective sentences in the scientific papers of the students of Politeknik Negeri Bali

– This study aims to determine the use of Indonesian sentence patterns and the level of effective use of Indonesian sentence in scientific papers of students of the Diploma Program III of Politeknik Negeri Bali. The method in this research is a qualitative method, while the method of collecting data in the form of documentation with qualitative descriptive analysis. From the results of effective sentence analysis can be mentioned: (1) the use of effective sentences in scientific papers students diploma program III shows the average value in each sample of 73.85, the highest value of 90.00 and the lowest of 43.48; (2) the use of effective sentences for each department indicates: Accounting Department 80,53, Civil Engineering Department 76.07, Administration Department 75.80, Tourism Department 72.44, Electrical Engineering Department 71.95, and Mechanical Engineering Department 71.22; (3) the results of the study in each study program group can be described: Accounting Department 80.53, UPW 79.70, Information Systems Department 79.04, Mechanical Engineering Department 77.70, Civil Engineering Department 76.07, Administration Department 75.80, Hospitality 67.14, Electrical Engineering Department 66.04, and TPTU 64.75; (4) and the results the study of effective sentence type indicate errors such as parallelism 142, efficiency 114, correspondence 61, austerity and parallelism 15, parallelism and correspondence 15, and logicality 3. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ability of effective sentences of the students is quite good.


Introduction
Indonesian language teaching materials at vocational education levels contain the basics and tools that support student competence in writing scientific papers. The expected results of students who have taken Indonesian language teaching are good and correct Indonesian language skills as the main support of students' skills in carrying out their scientific tasks. These skills, abilities and the like refer to the ability to use scientific standards of Indonesian language in scientific writing. So, the focus point is not on scientific writing, but on the use of standardscientific variants to write scientific papers.
In general, the Indonesian teaching material includes several things that need to be considered, namely: (1) explanation of spelling and use (2) use of diction or appropriate choice of words, (3) use of effective sentences and sentences, (4) use of coherence paragraphs (5) the form of scholarly planning, starting from the global one and then narrowing down to the discussion of scientific works, (6) how to edit scientific papers and conventions in scientific writing. In addition to the things about the writing procedure, there should also be a presentation or discussion as a form of implementation and use of spoken language.
The sentence element is a syntactic function which is also called the position of the word or role of the word, namely subject (S), predicate (P), object (O), complement (C), and adverb/description (Adv). The standard Indonesian sentence consists of at least two elements, namely S and P. Other elements (O, P, and Adv) can be required to be present, or not required to be present in a sentence (Sugono, 2009: 25).
According to Akhadiah (2003: 116), effective sentences are true and clear sentences that will be easily understood by others correctly. In other words, if a sentence has been able to convey the author's intent so that the reader understands the author's intent then the sentence can be said to be effective. This is in line with the opinion of Arifin (1989: 70), who says that effective sentences are sentences that can represent the writer's ideas or thoughts appropriately and are automatically accepted by the reader in accordance with the author's intent.
Another definition, effective sentences are sentences that can express the speakers '/ writers' intentions correctly so that the intentions can be understood correctly by the listeners/readers as well. In other words, effective sentences are sentences that can achieve their goals well as a communication tool. Effective sentences have the right diction (word choice), do not experience phrase contamination, according to standard Indonesian (EYD), both punctuations writing and word writing (Putrayasa, 2016: 15). In addition, the effective sentence also has six effectiveness conditions, namely the existence of unity, cohesion, parallelism, accuracy, frugality, and logic.
Another thing, from the results of daily tests working on sentences, the average class in the D3 Program of Politeknik Negeri Bali students only reached 6.6, still classified as C and B, so it needs to be improved to get a more satisfying score. However, there is no doubt that there are some students who get a score of 8.5 and there is also a score of 3.5. In addition, in terms of composing writing/discourse exercises, many works of students have not applied punctuation, the right choice of words (diction), sentence structures that have not met the standard criteria, and the use of absorption elements have not fulfilled the correct way of absorbing words and terms. in accordance with the guidelines for writing up absorption elements from both foreign languages and regional languages.
The tendency to use a less standard sentence rule for some students can threaten the survival of a good and true Indonesian language in the community, even though the language is one of the national identities that should be maintained by the whole community. In connection with this matter, a study entitled Effective Sentence Analysis is needed in the Scientific Writing of the students of Politeknik Negeri Bali. This research will have a very positive impact, which is to make it easier for lecturers to understand the student's writing, especially scientific papers. The results of the study at least give signs to students to reduce the use of sentences that are not in accordance with the Indonesian sentence pattern. So, through the results of research, a lecturer develops material that will be taught to his students. Through the support of relevant research results, the insight of a student is also increasingly directed. This certainly can support a student to have the ability to be an innovative and creative figure in answering the challenges of his future development. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem in this study is as follows.
1. What factors cause errors in writing effective sentences? 2. How is the application of effective sentences for students of Politeknik Negeri Bali?
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of use of Indonesian sentence patterns in the scientific papers of students of the Politeknik Negeri Bali Diploma III Study Program, the level of effective use of Indonesian sentences, and to know the factors that cause effective sentence writing errors.

Method
The research with the title Effective Sentence Analysis in Students Scientific Writing of Politeknik Negeri Bali studied in a qualitative approach. Moleong (2007: 7) states that qualitative research is a research method that prioritizes processes rather than results. Descriptive method is done with the intention that the data collected is not processed in words but rather prioritizes the depth of appreciation of the issues discussed. Data collected using content analysis with the aim of analyzing patterns of error in using effective sentences in students' scientific writings. In addition, this study is in accordance with several characteristics of qualitative design, namely: (1) natural setting, (2) humans as tools (instruments), (3) qualitative methods, (4) inductive data analysis, (5) theory from the bottom and (6) descriptive (Moleong, 1996: 4-6). Qualitative approach research reveals information about the object of research as a whole and in accordance with the context through collecting data from natural settings by utilizing the researcher as a key instrument (Dwiloka and Riana, 2005: 65).
This section clearly describes the types of data collected, data sources, and techniques used in collecting the data. This research data is in the form of student's scientific writing in the form of final assignment of 2017 of Politeknik Negeri Bali. The required sample is 50 scientific papers for Diploma III students in 2017. The population is the whole subject of research (Arikunto, 2010: 52). The research population is also presented as a group of interesting researchers to generalize the results of research, or research subjects as a set consisting of people, animals, plants or objects that have similar properties. (Sugiono,1994: 97). Based on this, the population in this study is all scientific papers in the form of final assignments for students of Diploma III Program in 2017, totaling 512 papers.

Error Factors in Effective Sentences
In the results and discussion, this is described as the application of effective sentences and factors that cause errors in writing effective sentences. Data obtained from a summary of Diploma III student scientific papers, which are indicated by student sentences and not quotations, so that the data is adapted in large part by the students' own sentences. In this discussion presented the errors of student sentences viewed from (1) equivalence, (2) parallelism, (3) assertiveness, (4) frugality, (5) accuracy, and (6) logic.
(2) Masing-masing komputer tidak saling berhubungan, yang terhubung dengan hub dengan kabel terpisah. Each computer is not interconnected, which is connected to a hub with a separate cable. The purpose of this study is to make it easier for laptop users who are around the office area, restaurant and bar so that they can obtain the information needed quickly and accurately by optimizing available hotspots.
In terms of the placement of the subject and predicate, the sentence number (1) is correct, but in the use of the word group is associated with a link, causing waste. Thus, the sentence (1) is more correctly written: Setiap workstation harus terpusat pada konsentrator (Each workstation must be concentrated on the concentrator). Likewise the sentence (2) is written: Masing-masing komputer tidak saling berhubungan, yang terhubung dengan kabel terpisah (Each computer is not interconnected, which is connected to a separate cable), the logic of the language is not correct. Each computer is not interconnected, but followed by the connected one. Thus, the sentence will be more accurately written: Masing-masing komputer saling terhubung dan tidak saling terhubung (Each computer is connected and not connected to each other). Sentence (3) will be more commensurate if the word 'di mana' is omitted. Sentences (4) will be economical when written with Fungsi pada setiap jaringannya memiliki peranan yang berbeda-beda pada setiap jaringannya dari mulai jaringan office untuk memberikan jaringan internet ke perangkat komputer atau micros (Functions on each network have different roles in each network from the start of the office network to provide internet networks to computer devices or micros), while the sentence (5) will be more appropriate when written: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempermudah para pengguna laptop yang berada di sekitar area office, restaurant dan bar sehingga dapat memperoleh informasi dengan cepat dan akurat dengan mengoptimalkan hotspot (The purpose of this research is to make it easier for laptop users around the office, restaurant and bar area so that they can obtain information quickly and accurately by optimizing hotspots).
Sentence (6) begins with the word sedangkan 'while', a word placement that is not appropriate. Writing the word sedangkan 'while' in the right one is generally to continue the main sentence in a compound sentence, or express a conflict relationship. Thus, the right sentence on sentence (6) is Pengertian sistem menurut Andri Kristanto (2008: 1) adalah, sistem merupakan jaringan kerja dari prosedur-prosedur yang saling berhubungan, berkumpul bersama-sama untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan atau menyelesaikan suatu sasaran tertentu (The definition of the system according to Andri Kristanto (2008: 1) is a network of procedures that are interconnected, gathered together to carry out an activity or complete a particular goal).

(7) Kualitas informasi ditentukan oleh bagaimana informasi tersebut memotivasi manusia untuk bertindak dan memberikan kontribusi (sumbangan) terhadap pembelian keputusan yang efektif.
The quality of information is determined by how that information motivates people to act and contribute to effective purchasing decisions.
(8) Pada PT. Jenggala Keramik Bali proses manajemen aset masih dilakukan secara manual, menggunakan perangkat lunak MS. Excel dalam bentuk daftar inventaris aset. At PT. The Jenggala Ceramics Bali asset management process is still done manually, using MS software. Excel in the form of an asset inventory list.
Sentence (8) will be more effective if paralleled at PT Jenggala Ceramics Bali, the asset management process is still carried out manually, using MS software. Excel in the form of an asset inventory list.
The purpose of making this information system is to make it easier for companies to administer assets that are owned correctly and efficiently, both in terms of time, energy and costs.
In order, for sentences (9), to be parallel, it should be written: Tujuan pembuatan sistem informasi ini agar dapat memudahkan perusahaan melakukan penatausahaan aset secara benar dan efisien, baik dari segi waktu, tenaga, dan biaya (The purpose of making this information system is to make it easier for companies to administer assets correctly and efficiently, both in terms of time, energy and costs).
The final results of this study are generated web-based programs that can assist in the asset management process at PT. Jenggala Ceramics Bali.
Sentences (10) can be more economical when it is written as follows: Hasil akhir penelitian ini adalah program berbasis web yang dapat membantu dalam proses manajemen aset di PT. Jenggala Keramik Bali (The final result of this research is a web-based program that can assist in the asset management process at PT. Jenggala Ceramics Bali).
Factors that cause errors in writing sentences are effective, indicating errors in the form of parallelism 142, economical 114, equivalence 61, frugality and parallels 15, parallelism and equivalence 15, and logic 3. The high error in terms of parallelism and economical is due to writing -and those who are considered the same and often make repetitive words that become wasteful.

Conclusion
Based on the description of the previous chapters, it can be concluded as follows. Factors that cause errors in writing sentences are effective, indicating errors in the form of parallelism 142, economical 114, equivalence 61, frugality and parallels 15, parallelism and equivalence 15, and logic 3. The high error in terms of parallelism and savings is due to writing the form of men and who are considered the same and often make repetitive words that become wasteful.
From the effective sentence analysis shows good results, this can be seen from the average acquisition value of 73.85 with details, the highest score of 90.00 and the lowest of 43.48.
The hope of getting good and correct Indonesian language skills especially in the use of effective sentences for students of the Politeknik Negeri Bali needs real steps from lecturers, departments, institutions, in this case, Politeknik Negeri Bali, as well as the government. Therefore, the output of this study, which is in the form of a standard glossary, can be used by the Politeknik Negeri Bali students in making scientific papers.