The translation of phrasal verbs into Indonesian I Dewa

Phrasal verb is the common word form used in colloquial language, for written and spoken. Although this phrasal is formed from a verb, most of the time the meaning will change after transformed into phrasal verb, but sometimes it does not change its meaning and even gives emphasize on the meaning. This fact is very important to determine the selection of their equivalents in doing the translation. This is a qualitative research which used descriptive analysis in analyzing the data. The data were the translations of an English text into Indonesian language conducted by the primary school teachers in some private schools in Denpasar. Questioner was also applied in order to collect more accurate data for supporting the research analysis. In a short way, the results of this research are (1) there were variant words in choosing the equivalents of the phrasal verbs given. (2) Most of the equivalents of the phrasal verbs were pertinent with their based-meaning in the source language. (3) The common strategy used was Translation by a more neutral/less expressive words; where the chosen equivalents have less expressive words than in their language source, but their meanings are close to the meanings in the source language.


Introduction
Phrasal verbs are often applied grammatical structures and have an important role to both express clearly conversational points that typically use slang, help to understand jokes or metaphoric relations in English, and this phrasal is often used to form deep idioms sentence (McArthur and Atkins, 1975).The meaning of phrasal verbs is very different from the meaning possessed by its forming elements in the form of verbs.This is very important to understand because translating is an analysis of the meanings contained in the words to be translated (Larson in Hatim and Munday (2004).Furthermore Nida (1964) argues the meaning of a word or phrase from L1 translated into L2 is very important to analyze so that the message to be conveyed can be well understood.
The process of teaching English in schools should use the activity of the description of the language or in other words gives an explanation of the meaning of the word in question.But in fact, the method that is often applied is by matching directly from the second language (L2) into the first language (L1).This activity can be cited as a translation activity to produce a translation product; as one of the concentrations in translation other than the process of translating it, as stated in the definition of translation by Shuttleworth and Cowie (1997) in Hatim and Munday (2004: 3).
Based on the above exposure, there is a curiosity to find and analyze the translations made by English teachers from private schools is mainly to translate the phrasal verbs, so that can be formulated the problems studied in this study as follows: 1. How does variation of phrasal verbs translation into Indonesian?2. How does the meaning of phrasal verbs in source languages help to establish the exact match of words in the target language?3. What translation strategies are likely to be used in translating phrasal verbs into Indonesian?

Method
In this study, 10 private elementary school teachers in Denpasar were asked to translate a short story containing a number of phrasal verbs.The translation was then analyzed to find out the translation of the phrasal verbs present in the story, the meaning that the phrasal verbs have in their source language, and translation strategies undertaken in translation based on the theory of Mona Baker's theory (1992,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).The translation of these teachers is used as a source of data because (1) these English teachers often use translating techniques in teaching vocabularies in schools so that it can be said that they also produce a translation product of the words they translate for their students, (2) the individual's understanding of the meaning of a word of course varies depending on the language skills and vocabularies they have.Phrasal verbs also have meaning different from the meaning of verbs that make up it.
This will result in variations of the word equivalent for the phrasal verbs present in the source text.Observation methods and quiz are also conducted on the subject of this study, especially with the aim of knowing the translation strategy undertaken.Descriptive methods are used in explaining the analysis.

Results and Discussion
Phrasal verbs, usually, are simple combinations of single-syllable verbs (put, take, get, etc) with other word particles ie prepositions (on, up, out, etc).(McArthur and Atkins, 1975).In line with the above definition in addition to the preposition word particle, adverbs can be paired with verbs and form phrasal verbs (down), and this modifying phrasal also alters the meaning of the verbs that make up it (https://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/phrasal-verb.html).In fact the phrasal verb looks like a phrase, but when viewed from its function often has the meaning of a word, although in some sentences, other types of words such as objects direct or adverbial can be used between the verb and the word particle.

a. Classification of phrasal verbs:
All verbs can be classified as intransitive and transitive based on whether the verb has a direct object or not.The transitive verbs are then subdivided into (1) the separable ie the phrasal which can be inserted by other items between the verb and the particles.If the object of the sentence is a noun, it can be between verb and particle or after frasaverba.But if the object is pronominal, it must be placed after the particle, (2) Fused verbs; This category is transitive though it means it needs an object, but it can not be placed between the verb phrases.In Indonesia language, verbs can be divided also into the same categories as English phrasal verbs, ie intransitive and transitive; based on the presence or absence of objects following the verb (Chulsum and Novia, 2006: 711).

b. Translation Strategies
Mona Baker (1992: 26-42) provides some strategies by a translator in translation to overcome obstacles such as: cultural differences, grammatical differences, source languages that have more complex meaning than target languages and others, that is: 1. Translation by a more general words, translations made due to the absence of the proper equivalent in the target language so that it matches with a more general form 2. Translation by a more neutral/less expressive words, translates to the equivalent form of a word that has an expression that is not fully compatible with the source language but still has a close meaning.
3. Translation by cultural substitution, translations made by replacing words from source languages with terms from cultures in an approaching target language, so that it will be more clearly understood by the reader because the term is better known.4. Translation using a loan words or loan words plus explanation, translations made by replacing words from source languages with terms from cultures in an approaching target language, so that it will be more clearly understood by the reader because the term is better known 5. Translation by paraphrase using a related word, translate by having their own conclusions on the text but still using the corresponding word in the source language.
6. Translation by omission, translation is done by omitting certain items in the source language text as it is considered meaningless if translated into the target language.
7. Translation by illustration, the translation that is being deemed not to have the exact match in the target language so that it is replaced with an illustration.

The Translation of Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian
Phrasal verbs that exist in the source text, have a varied word matching in the target language.One phrasal verbs has more than one word equivalent.There are also unassigned phrasal verbs.The equivalent word given can be classified into the classification of verbs contained in the Indonesian grammar: Intransitive and transitive.However, transitive categories are not classified as separable and fused as in English.In addition to the above classification, some equivalents of the given word have noun, adverb, adjective, and passive verbs.
Phrasal verbs also have their own meaning of words that can help provide matching words in the target language.The translation strategy can also be seen from the variation of the given word equivalent.Here are some phrasal verbs that can be analyzed based on synonyms for phrasal verbs, phrasal verbs, and to establish the exact wording and translation strategy based on Mona Baker's theory (1992).

Data 1
SL: Our client is backing down from the Saturn venture TL: mundur dari Saturn Venture, mendukung Saturn Venture, dilindungi oleh Saturn Venture Phrasal verbs in the above sentences include intransitive verbs which mean verbs that do not have objects and are translated into transitive (mundur), intransitive (mendukung), and passive (dilindungi) terms.According to McArthur & Atkins (1975: 2) phrasal verb above has the meaning of descend backwards and figurative informal: give way; yield.In the above sentence the exact meaning of the phrasal verb is the backward descend, so the exact equivalent of the word is backwards from.The translation strategy that can be seen from the variation of the given word equivalent is translated to the equivalence of a word that has an expression that is not fully in accordance with the source language but still has a close meaning.The above mentioned word has an expression that is not fully in accordance with the expression of the word in question in its source language but its meaning is close.

Data 2:
SL: It seems that someone has been making up story that our company is in financial trouble and handing it out to the Press.

TL: menyerahkannya, menyampaikannya, memberikannya
Phrasal verb handing (it) out is included in transitive separable verbs, because it requires direct object.But because the object is a pronoun, it must be placed in the middle of the verb and the particles that follow it.The translations provided entirely include transitive verbs because they have objects that follow them (-nya: which replaces the word story).The meaning of this word in the source language is literal: give out by hand, figurative informal: offer, dispense.(McArthur & Atkins, 1975: 68) Judging from the context of the sentence the meaning in the proper source language is informative: offer, then the exact equivalent of this phrasal is to offer it.However, this word is not used at all as the equivalent of this phrasal verb.The translation strategy is translated by a lack of correspondence in the target language so that it matches with a more general form.Because it is assumed that there is no exact equivalent of a word like the figurative meaning in the above phrasal verb, so the selected word is more commonly used in the target language.
Data 3: SL: Every time she drops in, he goes to great lengths to avoid talking to her TL: mampir, berkunjung, masuk, menaruh anjingnya Drops in the above sentence is an intransitive verb.The phrase in TL includes intransitive (mampir, berkunjung, & masuk) and transitive (menaruh anjingnya).According to McArthur & Atkins (1975: 42) if this phrasal verb is intransitive, its meaning is fall in, visit casually.In this sentence, visit casually becomes the appropriate meaning.So the exact wording in the target language is to come and visit.While the word entry and putting the dog is an inappropriate word because it does not match the meaning of the word in question.the words given above tend to use the strategy of translation by a more neutral / less expressive words; translates to the equivalent form of a word that has an expression that is not fully compatible with the source language but still has a close meaning.The selected words do not fully match the expression in the source language but their meaning corresponds to this verb phrasal.

Data 4
SL: They want me to come up with a new idea TL: datang dengan, mengemukakan ide, muncul dengan ide, membuat ide, memiliki ide, menemukan ide Come up with can be classified as transitive fused verb where the phrasal requires a direct object but can not be placed between the verb and its particles.While the matching words listed above are transitive verbs because it is followed by an object (ide), unless the phrase appears with the intransitive one, since not followed by a direct object.The meaning of this phrasal is produce (menghasilkan/ memproduksi) (McArthur & Atkins, 1975: 32).Thus, the exact equivalent of the word in Indonesian is to create a more natural-sounding word like the above data.While the other word equivalents can show the translation strategy is done with the translation with a more neutral / less expressive words; translates to the equivalent form of a word that has an expression that is not fully compatible with the source language but still has a close meaning.

Data 5
SL: ………..ever since she ran over his dog with her car, really.
TL: menabrak anjingnya, tertabrak, melindas, melewati, menggilas, melarikan Ran over is a transitive separable verb category; verbs that have direct objects and objects can be placed after or in the middle of phrasal verb.The given word match is a transitive verb because the whole is followed by a sentence object (anjingnya).While the word tertabrak is a passive verb form.The word meaning in the source language is knock down, usually with car (knocking down or dropping, usually by car) (McArthur & Atkins, 1975: 104).So the corresponding word match is to crash.And seen from the variation of the word equivalents given in the above data, the translation strategy is done translation with a more general words; translations made due to the absence of the proper equivalent in the target language so that it matches with a more general form.

Conclusion
Phrasal verbs translated in data can be categorized as intransitive and transitive verbs, wherein then the transitive verb is subdivided into two, namely the separable verb, because the object can be placed in the middle or at the end of the word, and fused verbs, since the object must reside after the phrasal verbs.In translating the phrasal verbs, the word equivalents used have variations of words that can be categorized as well as the phrasal verbs category in the source language as well as some other word classes such as noun, adverb, adjective and passive verb form.The meaning of phrasal verbs in source languages establishes proper selection of word matches in the target language.The translation strategy is by far the most commonly used because the given word equivalent often does not fully match the expression of a word in its source language but still has the corresponding meaning.