Semantic Mapping of the Name Flora and Fauna at Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana' in Landu Dialect of Rote Language

___________________________________________________________________ This study deals with the local names of floras and faunas living in Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana’s area in the Landu Sub District of Rote Regency. As language and physical nature are two inseparable entities, this study emphasizes that maintaining a language, to some extent, is equal to maintaining the existence of nature and vice versa. Documenting the names of floras and faunas in Landu Dialect of Rote Language and describing their meanings are two primary purposes of this study. The underlying principle of it is to maintain the language from being endangered. The questions addressed in this study are (1) what the local names of floras and faunas living in this lake area are? (2) to what semantic domain do the names of the floras and faunas belong? Data were obtained through a Field observation. During the observation, photos of floras and faunas were taken. A native speaker of the Landu dialect of the Rote Language who lives near the lake was consulted to get floras and faunas’ local names. The data analysis follows the model presented by Suweta (2013) and Mbete et al. (2015). The data show that the floras and faunas living in Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana’s area belong to four semantic domains, i.e. the domain of food for the human being, food for the animal, herb, and building material. This study is expected to contribute to local content teaching, most notably the teaching of folk biology to young generations of Landu Dialect speakers. This qualitative study aims to map the lexicon of flora and fauna found at Lake Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana’ in Rote Island. Three-day fieldwork has been carried out to collect the present data. By roaming the Lake area, several pictures of Flora and Fauna were taken with a Canon Legria camera. To list the floras and faunas’ local names, a native speaker of Landu dialect who lives nearby the lake was consulted. The names and the functions of flora and fauna are recorded. The data are classified based on their semantic domains. The analysis follows the model proposed by “the well-known cognitive anthropologist Brent Berlin and his associates who underlined that ethnobiological nomenclature represents a natural system of naming that reveals much about how people conceptualize the

by human being is real. Human activities such as deforestation to build infrastructure to support the business sector have threatened natural ecosystems. Natural science studies have reported that the extinction of living things, including floras and faunas, is undeniable (Le Houérou, 1997;Miller et al., 2016). The extinction may consequently cause the loss of lexicons of a language as "the use of lexicons in a language is determined by the referents of the lexicon, then the loss of a referent will result in the loss of the lexicon as well" (Almos et al., 2018). Thus, documenting floras and faunas' names in a particular local language is deemed necessary as it may become a positive effort for nature preservation and language maintenance.
The present study attempts to document the names of floras and faunas living in the waters and periphery of Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana-a lake located in Landu Sub-District of Rote District. The names are in Landu Dialect of Rote Language. Landu Dialect is spoken by Rotenese occupying the eastern part of Rote Island. Several studies have been conducted on Rote Language (Balukh, 2018;Ingguoe, 2015;Loe, 2017), which pay attention to the grammatical description, but nothing has focused mainly on Language and physical environment.
This study is inspired by the study conducted by Suweta (2013), focusing on revitalizing the flora terms in Bahasa Bali. The terms are classified into religious ceremonies, building material, mystic belief, traditional medicine, food, and farming activities. The study is interesting because it may contribute to local content teaching and, most notably, folk biology at schools. Folk biology "refers to the system of names and categories (nomenclature) that ordinary people in different cultures use for talking about living things." (Goddard, 2011, p. 196).
A similar study is also conducted by . A part of their investigations is on the lexicons of floras and faunas in the Lio language. The lexicons are recorded, and their morphological forms and meanings are described based on their functions or roles as living things.
Following the model of these two studies, the present study addresses two research questions. First, what are the local names of floras and faunas living in the area of Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana? The local names refer to the lexicons that people of a particular speech community, in this case, the speaker of Landu dialect of Rote Language, use to describe their living environment's reality. The lexicons represent their knowledge and experience and their interrelation with their physical environment .
The second question is what semantic domain do the floras and faunas belong to? Semantic deals with the meaning of words and/or sentences independent of any specific context (Borjesson 2011, see also Bram & Avillanova, 2019). Furthermore, the semantic domain may be defined as "an organized set of words, all on the same level of contrast, that refers to a single conceptual category, such as kinship terms, animal names, colour terms, or emotion terms" (Romney et al., 2000). This study maps the semantic domain of the floras and faunas based on local knowledge of the speakers of the Landu dialect of Rote Language as no previous study has been done on this language.
This study is expected to contribute to language maintenance, local language instruction at schools, and strengthening people's knowledge of physical nature or, most notably, the folk biology in the area where they live.

METHODS
This qualitative study aims to map the lexicon of flora and fauna found at Lake Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana' in Rote Island. Three-day fieldwork has been carried out to collect the present data. By roaming the Lake area, several pictures of Flora and Fauna were taken with a Canon Legria camera. To list the floras and faunas' local names, a native speaker of Landu dialect who lives nearby the lake was consulted. The names and the functions of flora and fauna are recorded. The data are classified based on their semantic domains. The analysis follows the model proposed by "the well-known cognitive anthropologist Brent Berlin and his associates who underlined that ethnobiological nomenclature represents a natural system of naming that reveals much about how people conceptualize the living things in their environment." (Goddard, 2011, p. 196).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This study reveals that the floras and faunas living in Lake Laut Mati Tasi Ana's area belong to four semantic domains: Food for Human Being, Food for the animal, Herb, and Building Material.

Food for Human Being
Human beings undeniably need foods to sustain life. People's knowledge of their environment determines the food source about what kinds of food are worth consuming. The foods may be obtained from lands and/or water. In Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana' Landu, people have discovered many floras and faunas edible for human beings. Those floras and faunas are named in Landu Dialect of Rote Language as follows: Teteku [taetaeku] is a kind of seaweed that grows on the sand. It can be eaten raw, but mostly it is cooked. It is different from the other floras above. The word teteku is a monomorphemic word that refers to the object that it names. Temei [tɛmɛi] is a kind of swan. It also eats fish. Like payaka it is also edible.

Foods for Animal
As living things, animals also need food to sustain life. They adapt themselves to the environment where they live by. Lake Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana' provide a variety of food derived from different floras and faunas as named in Landu Dialect of Rote Language as follows: Paranao tasi [paranaɔ tasi] is literally translated as sea paranao. It is the feed for pig.

Medicinal Herb/Plant
Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional medicine in underdeveloped and developing countries (Sholikhah, 2016). Indonesia is one of the countries that is famous for its traditional herbs. A study by Taek et al. (2018)  Kai nyela [kai ɲaela] is literally translated as nyela wood/tree. It is commonly used for post-natal treatment. After delivery, a mother is usually bathed with its boiled leaves and bar. Ai kela [ai kaela] is literally translated as kela tree. It is used to cure stomachache and fever by drinking its boiled bar and leaf water.

Building Material
The use of the plant as a building material is common almost everywhere. Using plant-based building material is advisable as it may help reduce global warming and support energy savings (Amziane & Sonebi, 2016). For most people who live in rural areas, including Landu people, the plant-based building material is more accessible than metal-based building material. The following is a kind of plant that grows in Lake Danau laut Mati Tasi Ana's area. Ai Piko [ai pikɔ] is translated as piko wood/tree. It is a kind of mangrove. People use the bark of this tree for building material.
It is worth noting that, morphologically, the floras' lexical structure and faunas' names vary. Some of the floras and faunas' names are multi-word/multi-morphemic word /Compound word, and the other is a single word/monomorphemic word.  As the table shows that the names with multi-morphemic word/compound word outnumber the names with a monomorphemic word. The multi-morphemic names consist of two words, while the other three words. Many of the flora names begin with the word ai (and its variation kai), meaning wood/tree. Besides, some names are still untranslateable (this suggests a future study).
All in all, almost all the floras and faunas found in the area of Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana' are labelled with local names, and their functions are well described. This indicates that the speakers of Landu dialect have established a good rapport with the physical environment. However, this good rapport is in a state of flux as people are offered choices. For instance, in the health sector, people are presented with choices of using western medicine or herbs derived from the natural environment. When people are more inclined to use Western medicine, the latter might be neglected or worse; they might be unrecognized. However, the proper relation between the people of Landu and their physical environment should be maintained. One way of doing it is by introducing the floras and faunas and their functions to the young generation. One proper channel for doing it is through formal education. School curriculum should accommodate the local language teaching (Landu Dialect) in which the local terms of flora and faunas may be introduced to students. Bring students to immerse themselves with the nature of the lake Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana' is a real action that should be proposed.

CONCLUSION
This result of the analysis shows that the floras and faunas living in Danau Laut Mati Tasi Ana's area are classified into four semantic domains (food for the human being, food for the animal, herb, and building material. Almost all flora and fauna found in the area have had their local names except for buah sabu (derived from Malay, which means the fruit of Sabu). Considering their functions, all flora and fauna are useful for living things, mainly human beings. Similar to Suweta (2013) 's and  's, this study contributes to strengthening local knowledge that is beneficial for physical nature preservation, language maintenance and ultimately for the prosperity of human life. Practically, this study's result may become the source of information for the communities who live nearby the lake to obtain their food supply, food for their livestock, medicinal herbs, and building materials. The education sector may be used for teaching local content and, most notably, folk biology in Landu Dialect at schools.