VERB FORMATION IN MUARA BUNGO LANGUAGE : A MORPHOLOGICAL REVIEW ON RANTAU PANDAN DIALECT

A verb is a language element used by the community in communication. There are various verbs formation applied in Muara Bungo especially Rantau Pandan dialect, like adding affixes to the verb and the processes occurred to the verb itself. In this study, the authors focused on verbs formation derived from nouns and adjectives. The process of affixation includes derivative and inflective affixes. For the data collection, the author applied listening and interview methods. The process of verb formation occurred on nouns and adjectives in speech or lingual data obtained were then analyzed and determined by applying translational analysis method. The verb formation process would be clearer when classes of the words found had been classified. The researcher found the verbs formation was from the process that occurred at the time of the formation of the verb. The affixation process in this study includes derivative and inflective affixes. The affixes are functioned for forming nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numbers. The prefix berhas form variations like baand be-. Prefix mahas form variations like mangand meny-. Prefix nhas form variations such as nand ngforms. The prefix tehas form variations such as ta-, tany-.


INTRODUCTION
Language has an important role in community life.Verbs are one element of the language used by people in communications.Many languages in the world have variations and different verb formations according to their respective regions.The use of language variation among communities is one of the terms in morphological studies, for example, the formation of words, verbs, nouns, adjectives, and others.
Morphology is a linguistic part that studies the morphemes, analyzes the structure, form, classification of words (Alwasilah, 1993: 10).Meanwhile, according to Kridalaksana (2008: 159) morphology is a linguistic field that studies the morpheme.In other words, morphology is the study of the structure of words or the formation of words in order to form a new word.
The process of morphology in general in a language is affixation, i.e. the adding of affixes.There are three types of affixes: affix/prefix, suffix/suffix and infix/insertion.Prefixes are affixes added to the front of the base of the word e.g.ber-.A suffix is an additive added to the back of the base of words such as -an, while the infix is the affix that appears between the basic word.O' Grady (1997: 123) suggests that: An extremely common morphological process in language is affixation, the addition of an affix.There are three types of affixes, such as prefix, suffix and infix.Prefix is an affix that is attached to the front of its base.Suffix is an affix that is attached to the end of its base.Infix is a type of affix that occurs within a base.
The process is called affixation.Affixation is the process or result of adding affixes to the root or word base.Affixation can occur in several word classes such as nouns, adjectives and verbs.Affixation can occur in every language in the world such as English, Indonesian, regional languages and so forth.In this study, the researchers only focus on the affixation that occurs in the formation of verbs found in Muara Bungo Language, especially on Rantau Pandan Dialect.
Rantau Pandan is one of the regions in Muara Bungo.Muara Bungo is the capital city of Bungo Regency, in Jambi Province.The town of Muara Bungo grew at the cross between Batang Tebo River and Trans Sumatra highway to Padang.Its strategic location in the centre of Sumatra Island, pushed it to become a trading place in the interior of the island.Its geographical coordinates are 1° 28' 0" South, 102° 7' 0" East and its original name (with diacritics) is Muarabungo.

RESEARCH METHOD
The descriptive research method is one of the research methods will be used in this research that aims to explain an event.According to Sudaryanto (1993:62), a Descriptive method is a research done solely based on the fact.So, the researchers describe the data that have been collected through spoken to the written data especially from conversation.The methods used in gathering the data are conversation method and listening method.As for the collection of data from the lingual aspect is taken by way of direct conversation or interview with informants who are appointed in accordance with informant requirements commonly applied in field linguistic studies.Based on Moleong (1989:3), there are some requirements of informant: 1. Physically and mentally healthy 2. Have a good articulator or speech tool 3. Indigenous people of the area 4. Aged 30-50 years In collecting the data, the researcher uses theory by Sudaryanto (1993) and Mahsun (2011) such as simulation techniques, participation technique, recording techniques and notetaking.In an effort to get answers from informants, researchers also conducted a technique known as eliciting technique, which is a stimulant technique against informants when asking the data in question.Recording technique is a technique that can be done by researchers in storing lingual data or speech from the informant.Speech or lingual data that have been obtained was analyzed and determined how the process of verb formation is that occurs on nouns and adjectives by using the method of the translational pad.The process of verb formation will be seen more clearly when it has been in the classification of the class words found.After all the data has been collected, the next step is to analyze the data.The data obtained were analyzed by using the method of distribution.The determinants of the method of distribution are part of the language itself such as word, syntax function, clause, word syllable, pitch in etc. (Sudaryanto, 1993: 16).There are several steps/ stages done by researchers in analyzing data such as 1.Writing data related to affixation, 2. Classifying data based on form, prefix and suffix, 3. Analyzing data based on the theory applied, to find the type of prefix and suffix that appears in verb formation process.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Affixation is one of the processes in the formation of derivative words both categorized verbs, categorized nouns or categorized adjectives.The morphological process is the process of forming the word from a basic form through affixation process.Affixes have a function of forming new parts of speech: verb, noun, and adjective.Data of this research are words uttered by Muara Bungo people that comprise affixes.Based on the results of the analysis, there are 15 data found in the research.The data are analyzed with theories proposed by Yule (1985) and Connor-Linton (2006).The analysis is made to answer the purpose of this research, in which it is to explain the process of verb formation that occurs in the language of Muara Bungo especially dialect Rantau Pandan.

Prefix /-ba/ + verb/noun/adjective
1. Nyo bagawea daghi kelam subuh (He/ she worked from dawn earlier) From the above example, the root word in the form of a verb can be formulated to be {ba} + N → Verb.{ba} + gawea → bagawe "to work" Based on the data above (1), it can be seen that the word "gawe" is added with prefix -ba, it becomes a verb.Prefix -ba contains the meaning of "to do something".This verb belongs to intransitive verb because it is not followed by a noun.The process occurred is derivation i.e. a changing process of word class by transferring the word class from the base form word.In the context of this sentence, it occurs sprinkling of the word "a" in gawea when it obtains prefix.

Bakenak yean baju baru tu weh
(Wearing new clothes) From the example above, the word root in form of a verb can be formulated as: {be} + V→ Verb {be} + kenak → bekenak "to wear" If the word "kenak" is added with prefix -be, it becomes a verb.Prefix -be supports and has grammatical meaning "to wear", since the base form has meaning component (clothes).The process occurred is inflection i.e. change in word form but not the lexical identity of the words, with or without changing the word class.

Prefix /-te/ /-ta/ + verb/ noun/ adjective
3. Ya dak tegegheh-gegheh tuh, mak awak sakit !(Do not laugh all the time because our mother is sick) From the example above, the word root in form of a verb can be formulated as: {te} + N → Verb.{te} + gegheh → tegegheh-gegheh If the word "gegheh" is added with prefix -te, it becomes a verb.Prefix -te is functioned to form imperative verbs.The meaning contained is "make deeper laughs".The kind of the process From the above example, the root word in the form of a verb can be formulated into: noun + {e} → Verbs lantak + {e} → lantake 'left' When the word lantak is added with the e-suffix, it becomes a verb.the e-suffix works to form a verb (passive).The type of process that occurs is the derivation of a process of changing the word class with the transfer of word class.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION a. Conclusion
Affixation is one of the processes in the formation of derivative words categorized as verbs, nouns or adjectives.The process of affixation in this study includes derivative and inflective affixation.The affixes have a function for forming nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numbers.The prefix has variations of the shape of ba-, and be.The prefix te-has variations of form such as ta-, tany-.Prefix /n-/ has allomorphs (variation in form) on the other morphemes.

b. Suggestion
This research focuses only on the formation and the process of verb forming in the speeches in Muara Bungo, a dialect of Rantau Pandan.For further research, the researcher suggests to investigates and analyze language from the other regions/districts, which have their own uniqueness of language.